Background: Phototherapy is an important modality in dermatology and the number of skin diseases which can be controlled with it IS mcreasmg. In order to start treatment, the first dose of phototherapy is determined by measurement of MINIMAL erythema dose (MED) in each patient individually or according to patient"s skin type. Objective: To determine the relationship of skin type with MED in patients under UV phototherapy referred to Razi Hospital in Tehran Patients and Methods: In patients referred to Razi Hospital in 1381(2002-2003) for UVB phototherapy, skin type was determined according to Fitzpatrick"s classification and MED was measured using a UV-meter. Age, sex and the disease of the patients were also recorded. The data were analysed using one way ANOVA and Welch tests. Results: Eighty patients including 39 males and 41 females were studied. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (SD=15.8). Their diseases include psonasls, vitiligo, parapsoriasis, pityriasis lichenoides chronica, perforating disorder and patch stage mycosis fungoides. The mean of MED in 17patients with skin type Il was 111.8±39.2, in 42 patients with skin type III was 105.9±43.1 and in 21 patients with skin type IV was l14.3±39.2 mJ/cm2 , with no significant statistical difference. Conclusion: The first dose of phototherapy could not be determined based on skin type and measurement of MED is necessary in each patient.

In this paper, we have defined the concept of the R-complex FINSLER space with an arctangent (α, β)-metric  F = α + ε β + β  tan-1( β / α).  For this metric, we have obtained the fundamental metric tensor fields gijand gi¯j as well as their determinants and inverse tensor fields. Further, some properties of non-Hermitian R-complex FINSLER spaces with this metric have been described.

In Riemannian manifolds, there exists a canonical Riemannian metric on the product of them (Lee in Riemannian geometry an introduction to curvature, Springer, New York, 1997). But at the product of FINSLER manifolds, the canonical FINSLER metric has not been defined. In this paper, we are going to study the product of FINSLER manifolds and give a canonical FINSLER metric on it.

We define MINIMAL CN-dominating graph MCN (G), commonality MINIMAL CN-dominating graph CMCN (G) and vertex MINIMAL CN-dominating graph M vCN (G), characterizations are given for graph G for which the newly defined graphs are connected. Further serval new results are developed relating to these graphs.

In this study, the advantages of porous implants compared to conventional implants in order to apply a specific type of porosity to the implant most were investigated. The use of Triply Periodic MINIMAL SURFACE (TPMS) in porous implant design due to its curvature has a high potential in designing variable structures both morphologically and in relative density with respect to its implicit structural equations. The equations of Triply periodic MINIMAL SURFACE are solved using the Grasshopper plugin, and finally the SURFACE of a unit cell is obtained to design porous structure. One common dental implant and two porous dental implants with 54% and 65% porosity are modeled on Straumann's catalog according to ITI standard. In static and dynamic loading, forces were inserted into the implant in three different directions according to biomechanical principles. The results showed that after implantation of dental implants, the maximum amount of stress increased in the porous implants compared to the conventional implants so that it increased from 31. 82 to 98. 93 MPa in the fifth second. And in porous implants, stress distribution in the cancellous bone is increased compared to the conventional implant. Stress Shielding can be counteracted by porosity of dental implants. In this phenomenon, the implant, due to its much greater strength than the bone, prevents the transfer of stress to the bone, which results in weakening of the bone around the implant. By applying porosity and applying the TPMS to the implant. Stress distribution increase in the cancellous bone.

In this paper we characterize a MINIMAL SURFACE with Matsumoto metric and prove a Bernstein-type theorem for SURFACEs which are graphs of smooth functions. We also obtain the partial differential equation that characterizes the MINIMAL translation SURFACEs and show that plane is the only such SURFACE.

There are many contributions in connection theory of FINSLER geometry, related to their applications in electrical engineering, control theory, relativity, biology, ecology, crystals, Metallurgy, Astronomy and recently Growth of cancer cells and Geology.In this paper, first a scope of applications of FINSLER geometry in science and engineering. In given then followed by its methoddogy study. In the last part of this work which is an original contribution in connection theory of FINSLER connection, we introduce a new FINSLER connection which contains some of the well-known connections as a special case.

We establish a local gradient estimate for positive FINSLER p-eigenfunctions on a complete non-compact FINSLER measure space M with its weighted Ricci curvature Ric∞ bounded from below by a non-positive constant. As an application, we obtain the corresponding Harnack inequality.

The pullback approach to global FINSLER geometry is adopted. Some new types of special FINSLER spaces are introduced and investigated, namely, Ricci, generalized Ricci, projectively recurrent and m-projectively recurrent FINSLER spaces. The properties of these special FINSLER spaces are studied and the relations between them are singled out.